Tuesday, December 24, 2013

Historical Moment: Sarah Breedlove Walker (a.k.a. Madam C.J. Walker) Self-Made Millionaire.

Historical Moment: Sarah Breedlove Walker (a.k.a. Madam C.J. Walker) Self-Made Millionaire.  


Ms. Walker driving her automobile.

Explanation

On December 23rd 1867 Sarah Breedlove Walker was born as the first free African American of her family. Her parents, Owen and Minerva were recently freed slaves that worked on a cotton plantation.  Her parents along with other slaves in the United States were freed as a result of the Emancipation Proclamation passed in 1863.

She was a native to the state of Louisiana.  At the age of 7 Ms. Walker became an orphan due to the passing of her parents.  She moved with her older sister and brother in-law to the state of Mississippi where she engaged in domestic jobs cleaning homes and washing clothes for others.  It was here that she married her first husband a Mr. Moses McWilliams.  With Mr. McWilliams she had her daughter A' Lelia.  Shortly thereafter Mr. McWilliams passed away.  

With her daughter she moved to St. Louis where she moved in with her brothers and became a washerwoman making $1.50 a day.  She also attended night school too.  It was here that she met and then married her 2nd husband Mr. Charles J. Walker.  

Hair loss for women during this era was regular, something that women suffered through as a result of poor hygiene.  They lacked the modern amenities that we enjoy today like advance indoor plumbing and basic utilities that make hair care convenient and easy to do.  As a result of many women during this time period lacking in hair care scalp disease was a regular occurrence.  

Breedlove saw scalp disease as a mountain to climb, and climb she did.  She began to experiment with all of the remedies that were available during that time period.  Her husband Mr. Walker became her advertisement agent.  She also changed her name to Madam C.J. Walker.  Using her own devised formula she traveled the country promoting her new found product.  

When her profits boomed she opened a beauty school in Pittsburgh and transferred her base of operations to Indianapolis as the Madam C.J. Walker Manufacturing Company.  

In 1913 she and Mr. Walker divorced.  Breedlove traveled the Caribbean and Latin America promoting her company and recruiting others to advance her business and product.  Her daughter, A'Lelia was put in charge of operations.  With her daughter in charge of the company, Breedlove was freed to pursue societal concerns facing her fellow African Americans.  She joined and then participated heavily in the NAACP, YMCA, NACW, and others helping to improve life for African Americans everywhere.  She contributed time and money for anti-lynching campaigns.  She helped out in many other areas as well.

At the age of 51, Ms. Breedlove died of hypertension at her estate of Irvington-on-Hudson.

Her legacy was one of hard work and drive.  Her hard work impacted both hair care and social organizations.  She earned herself the title of the first American Woman to become a "Self-Made Millionaire."  Her business that she built and her daughter managed valued over 1 million dollars at the time of her death.  She left a lasting legacy that many still look up to in the modern day.  

Happy Birthday Sarah Breedlove Walker!!!

Sources 



Sunday, December 22, 2013

Definition in Feminism: Transgender vs Transsexual.

Definition in Feminism: Transgender vs Transsexual.  


Explanation

Members of the transgender and transsexual community and their struggles in a world that discriminates against them are not widely known by the general public, because many do not let their stories be heard for fear of public ridicule.  

I recently had an unpleasant experience at work involving a co-worker that reduces women and members of the LGBTQ to titles that are not nice ones.  For example, I recently had to correct him in his thought that it is okay and acceptable to call any woman who is either having a bad day or is aggressive as a "bitch."  I hold that calling a woman a "bitch" is downright disrespectful and just as bad as using a racial slur and reveals the name caller's lack of thought and intelligence.  Do not tell me that she is being a bitch, but rather tell me intelligently and maturely how you are feeling.  Rather calling a woman a bitch, you may say, "I recently had a bad experience with a person at work.  She was being difficult and uncompromising."  After you tell me that she is being difficult and uncompromising, tell me why she was being like that.  Often I find human beings lack the ability to intelligently convey how they feel through conversation.  I occasionally have problems communicating how I feel too.  But we must continue to improve.  It is understandable that a human being has a difficult time with another human being.  But lets not reduce our intelligence as a species to name calling, but rather lets be descriptive of how we are feeling.  This idea is applied not just to men who call women bitches, but also to women who call each other bitches as well.  Women calling women bitches just make men feel justified in calling them bitches.  Collectively, let us change this.

This same co-worker came to meet another co-worker who was giving him a lift back home.  This co-worker came to say good bye to me as work was over.  As she was standing there I was still working and explained to her that I will be a little while.  She turned to our co-worker that she was giving a lift home and said, "Let's go then."  He responded, "Wait I want to see the 'transgender' get fired."  I peered over to a glass room and saw one of our co-workers who happens to be a 'transsexual' talking to her supervisor and team lead.  This particular women has been struggling with attendance issues, so as a result she had to speak to them about it in a meeting room in a private setting.  I was annoyed with this co-worker that he would be entertained by someone else's horrible day at work, that he was getting some sort of sick pleasure out of seeing a 'transgender' facing hard times at work, and finally that he used a definition that was not exactly precise to the topic.  As a result,  I assertively asked him to back off and walk away.  After he refused to I explained to him you are able to either walk away or I will ask a supervisor to help you walk away.  Fortunately he and my friend walked away, and my friend took him home.

I am bothered by these stories, because they regrettably happen with a species that is over 200,000 years old (anatomically modern humans).  That a human being would get pleasure for seeing someone different than they are have a bad day at work.  This is medieval, not enlightened.  It also bothers me that this individual did not think to educate himself on a co-worker that is different from himself.  This education may often come with a few buttons pushed on the keyboard and mouse on the internet, after a mere ten minutes of research and reading may often change someones perspective.  As a result of this experience, and many others similar to this one, I felt the need to make my first definitions' session in regards to transgender and transsexual.  

Explaining the difference between transgender and transsexual is important to feminism.  Fighting for women's equal rights helps the transgender and transsexual community because the reason for societies indifference for this group of human beings is looked down upon because many of these people are men that would much rather be women or those that embrace their femininity rather than their masculinity.  Society looks down upon men who do feminine things and want to be females because society consistently views women and femininity as inferior and for a man to cross the line from superiority to inferiority is unthinkable to them.  The transgender and transsexual community must be sick otherwise.  Reversing this for women, women in this case are too looked down upon for crossing the imagined gender barriers of today's modern world.

Definition

To help us know the difference between transgender and transsexual we will use GLAAD's website to help:

Please click GLAAD for the link's reference point.

Now I am not arguing against using the term transgender to describe a transsexual; GLAAD describes transgender as an umbrella word that often includes transsexual, but rather I am arguing that one human being should not reduce another human being to a title.  Referring someone to someone's actual name is the best thing to do.  

""TRANSGENDER-SPECIFIC TERMINOLOGY

Transgender An umbrella term (adj.) for people whose gender identity and/or gender expression differs from the sex they were assigned at birth. The term may include but is not limited to: transsexuals, cross-dressers and other gender-variant people. Transgender people may identify as female-to-male (FTM) or male-to-female (MTF). Use the descriptive term (transgender, transsexual, cross-dresser, FTM or MTF) preferred by the individual. Transgender people may or may not decide to alter their bodies hormonally and/or surgically.

Transsexual (also Transexual) An older term which originated in the medical and psychological communities. While some transsexual people still prefer to use the term to describe themselves, many transgender people prefer the term transgender to transsexual. Unlike transgender, transsexual is not an umbrella term, as many transgender people do not identify as transsexual. It is best to ask which term an indi­vidual prefers.""

Note:  Please leave your comments, I would love to read them  As always use intelligent well thought out explanations for superior topical understanding within the community at large.  


Sunday, December 1, 2013

Video: Lily Myers, "Shrinking Women."


I hope you all enjoy this as much as I did.  Please watch and enjoy.


Current Event: Project Bush

Current Event:  Project Bush

Explanation

This morning as I was catching up on the current news and events focusing on Feminist issues and concerns I ran into a news article posted on the Guardian called "Feminism is to be found in the tiniest detail" written by Minna Salami 11/30/2013.  In this article Salami considers the argument over whether or not women shaving their pubic hair is feminine or anti-feminine.  I found this article informing and thought provoking and it expanded my own understanding as to what it means to be feminine and a Feminist.  You are free to follow the embedded link hidden in the title of the article here on this Blog entry or just read the text below.  Everything in the text below is credited to the authorship of Minna Salami 11/30/2013 The Guardian.  Below the article I will interject my own thoughts and opinions that came to my mind during and after I read the article.  Overall I thought Salami did a fine job in representing the argument over women and their body hair.  

Let's hear it for an exhibition that encourages women to be proud of their pubic hair

John Ruskin, Salami, Comment
Art historian John Ruskin, who was revolted by his wife's pubic hair. Photograph: Universalimagesgroup/Getty Images
I recently attended a debate about modern feminism hosted by the editor of Elle magazine, Lorraine Candy. The topic was "Does feminism need a rebrand?" Of course, I didn't need the panel to confirm the obvious: worldwide resistance to the oppression of women is hardly something that needs to be in the business of rebranding. And brands – a cluster of images and stories that are expertly put together to create illusions that will generate money – are not in the business of resistance.
Still, the lively panel was hosted in the offices of Mother, one of the three advertising agencies that Elle had recruited for the rebranding job. Which meant I did get to see a photo exhibition by the name of Project Bush. There, in a loft in east London (of course!), I discovered a delightful room comprising two parallel wall panels. Each was tiled with collages of female pubic hair of all sorts – depilated, tattooed, au naturel, you name it. The pubic topiary was certainly diverse.
Mother says that Project Bush is "a call to action for women to stand up to the pressures of modern society and present their bushes in all their glory". The rhetoric becomes quite high flown: "Whether waxed or never tended, young, old, black, brown or white, we want to display London's lady gardens in all their variety, and demonstrate the choice that many young women – particularly – may not realise they have when it comes to waxing."
At this point, let me state my "stance" on women's pubic hair, should one need one: each pussycat to her own is my line. Sure, I am attuned to the conflicting debates on whether styling is hygienic, attractive, unfeminist, yada yada – yep, feminism now finds its battles in all parts of life. But what's more interesting is that while pubic hair is a neutral fact of adulthood for men, for women it is much more than that. Why, then, has modifying it become a thing? Why are women taking control, playing round, having fun?
It would be wrong, I think, to assume that in all the lovely variations – "Brazilian", sphinxed, heart-shaped, vajazzled or bushy and untrimmed – women's choice are simply pandering to male fetishes or indeed their fear of hair. Instead, it's a way of recouping a body part that, like so many female body parts, has a history of being subject to interpretation by everyone but women themselves.
French artist Gustave Courbet's 1866 painting, L'Origine du monde (The Origin of the World), provoked a huge scandal not only because it exposed the "cleft of Venus" but also because it portrayed a woman's vagina in its full hairy glory, rather than classically bare.
Throughout history, male-dominant attitudes in art, religion, ritual and schools have shown equal fascination and repulsion with female hair and the sexual power it implies. From artistic depictions of the virgin birth of Jesus to Rosario Dawson's bare vagina in this year's movie Trance, feminine sexuality has been mystified and vilified in equal measure.
This is not to say that there are psychological profundities lurking beneath every woman's pants; choices can also be unconscious responses to an exploitative culture or resistance to it. But one thing seems certain; whether meant or otherwise, the choices are often to do with social attitudes. And rather than shy away, critique or nag, we should take interest in what women's choices tell us about wider female sexuality.
Often, having absorbed the cultural negativity and mystery surrounding their sex, girls, upon the arrival of their first pubic hairs – a symbol of becoming a sexual adult – find it a disturbing experience. Girls are taught from a young age to feign no interest whatsoever in their intimate parts or, worse, to be ashamed of them.
Perhaps they might want to learn a bold lesson from 1940s Nigeria. A group of women led by women's rights activist Funmilayo Anikulapo-Kuti (mother of musician Fela Kuti) gathered outside the reigning ruler's house to protest against women having to pay taxes when they did not even have the right to vote. They chanted: "Alake [King], for a long time you have used your penis as a mark of authority that you are our husband. Today we shall reverse the order and use our vagina to play the role of husband." Their protests led to the king's abdication.
Talk about using your bodies with intent! I'd like to suggest that women's varied choices are not simply aesthetic reactions to sexual objectification. They are also a retort to a culture where a girl's coming of age is turned into something shameful. Regardless of the style a woman chooses, alterations for the 21st-century woman can be a way of getting rid of any embarrassment and regaining a sense of sexual energy and power. "Designing" her own look can be a way for a woman to get to know her sexual self, an expression of being an erotic being in her own right.
Consider, then, the Project Bush exhibition, an education, for men too, one that might prepare them a little more than visual education of the past. Whatever else art historian John Ruskin might have accomplished in his life, he will forever be remembered as the man who was so terrified to discover his wife's pubic hair that he was unable to consummate their marriage on their wedding night.
It's safe to assume that the classic marble statues Ruskin was familiar with did not prepare him for the glories of real life. The very diverse glories in 2013, to judge from the 93 varieties of womanhood in Project Bush.

My Thoughts
 The following are my thoughts regarding the article written by Salami.  Overall I agree with her position on women and their pubic hair.  I argue with societies erroneous outlook on gender norms concerning body hair, bottom line it is imbalanced and biased in favor of men.  In favor of men because men do not have near the societal expectations toward their body hair and shaving than do women.  I do not agree with these weighty expectations that society has placed upon women.  I do not agree because I am a man who loves to shave his legs and arm pits.  I shave these body parts for myself as do I with the hair on my head.  I do not have to shave the hair on my head but I do because it is easier to upkeep and unfortunately I inherited head hair from my father's side who all look slightly like Friar Tuck.  I shave my legs and arm pits, well, because I like shaving them.  I shave them for myself, and I shave them because I reject societal gender norms when it comes to body hair.  However, I reject the societal expectation on women to shave their pubic hair because the hypocrisy of the expectations.  Men expect women to shave the pubic hair, but men do not shave their own.  This is all of course generally speaking.
I agree with Salami when she explained that girls and women are raised to be embarrassed of their genitals, and as a result when they get their first pubs they are even more ashamed because society has ingrained in their minds that body hair on women, besides their head hair, should be something embarrassing to have.  Western society, especially in the United States, is a world obsessed on appearance.  A world where the individual is devalued because self worth is based upon how you look, or how much money you have.  Forgive me, perhaps money and looks.  I minutely forgot that America is also obsessed with their wealth too.  But I digress from the appearance factor.  
Women should never be embarrassed to be who they are.  As much as horny men may be resentful of the following statement but Porn is a contributor to this societal expectation of women because the women in Porn videos are often smoothed in their nether regions.  Other contributors are the media and Hollywood. Sandra Bullock's character in "Miss Congeniality" was a strong woman who fought to preserve the law.  Her character, Gracie Hart, was ordered to go undercover in a Miss America pageant.  The movie attempted to change Hart by saying the hard core masculine FBI Agent that she was was not acceptable and anti-feminine.  She was ordered by her superiors to undergo a makeover of epic proportions.  She was waxed, plucked, was made to put gunk on her face, she was peeled, chemicals were put in her hair, she was forced to wear heels and a tight really short revealing dress.  Bullock did an incredible job at acting the role in this movie.  The movie successfully portrayed the argument as to what real femininity is.  
"Miss Congeniality" perfectly aligns its story with the article that Salami wrote.  The question now becomes - To shave or not to shave.  Many men like John Ruskin in Salami's article make their women feel embarrassed to have body hair.  In my opinion a man expecting his woman to shave is just as negative as calling her fat or ugly.  Society puts too much emphasis on looks and devalues the person's personality and intelligence.  Salami and Mother London attempt to combat this erroneous societal expectation by supporting Project Bush.  It is utterly absurd that Ruskin would not consummate his marriage to Effie Gray because she had pubic hair around her genitals.  She was willing to consummate the marriage and Ruskin no doubt had pubic hair, the hypocrisy of it all.  As illustrated by a painting by British portrait painter in the time period Thomas Richmond, Effie Gray was incredibly beautiful.  According to Richmond's painting and opinion Gray was incredibly beautiful:
Topically specific men should not expect their female counterparts to undergo habits that they themselves are unwilling to do themselves.  To expect someone to do something that you are unwilling to do is called hypocrisy.  As a man who has himself shaved his own package to have a greater depth of experience and insight into how women feel, it was not a pleasant experience especially when my hair grew back.  It was terribly itchy.  After this experience I never shaved in that area again.  I shaved because I want to experience has much of femininity as I can to add depth to my knowledge.  One day I wore 5 inch stilettos and was on my feet for two hours straight, my feet were killing.  I did this as well to add depth, but heels and feminism is a discussion for another time. 
At the end of the day I embrace the school of John Stuart Mill, "Live and let Live."  It is not emotionally healthy for women for men to continue their barrage of hypocritical expectations.  It was not revealed in the article by Salami but Ruskin divorced Gray primarily because of his dissatisfaction with her body.  Because of this divorce he ruined her social life.  Society looked down upon her, even Queen Victoria would not see her.  It is the tragedy of women, regrettably even in modern society, that divorce often ruins their lives financially and socially.   

Note: As my first Blog post explained I invite all to comment and welcome your thoughts.  Please remain objective whether you are for or against the argument.  As in all of my posts I expect mature, objective, and constructive arguments.  Thank you.